Tras numerosas idas y vueltas, el Ejecutivo de Alemania envi\u00f3 al Parlamento un proyecto para aprobar el uso de la estimulaci\u00f3n hidr\u00e1ulica (fracking) para la prospecci\u00f3n de shale gas a partir de 2016 y, eventualmente, si en el tiempo transcurrido no se comprueba da\u00f1o ambiental, la explotaci\u00f3n comercial a partir de 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tras numerosas idas y vueltas, el Ejecutivo de Alemania envi\u00f3 al Parlamento un proyecto para aprobar el uso de la estimulaci\u00f3n hidr\u00e1ulica (fracking)<\/strong> para la prospecci\u00f3n de shale gas a partir de 2016 <\/strong>y, eventualmente, si en el tiempo transcurrido no se comprueba da\u00f1o ambiental, la explotaci\u00f3n comercial a partir de 2019. La noticia ha generado pol\u00e9mica en el pa\u00eds que es el motor industrial de Europa, dada la oposici\u00f3n de grupos ecologistas que buscaban prohibir la t\u00e9cnica, y la necesidad del pa\u00eds de disminuir su dependencia del gas ruso y de buscar fuentes alternativas al carb\u00f3n y a la generaci\u00f3n nuclear, que ser\u00e1 dejada de lado en los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n El proyecto contempla estrictas regulaciones.<\/strong> Por ejemplo, la prohibici\u00f3n de estimular formaciones por encima de los 3000 metros de profundidad, as\u00ed como otras destinadas a proteger los recursos h\u00eddricos, dependiendo de las condiciones geol\u00f3gicas de cada regi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alemania ha dedicado grandes esfuerzos durante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os a enriquecer su matriz energ\u00e9tica con componentes renovables, como la generaci\u00f3n e\u00f3lica y la fotovoltaica. Sin embargo, estas fuentes representan actualmente s\u00f3lo el 1,5% de su matriz energ\u00e9tica<\/strong>. El 80% se cubre con combustibles f\u00f3siles, especialmente gas y petr\u00f3leo (56%), aunque con un componente cada vez mayor de carb\u00f3n (23%), y un 11% de generaci\u00f3n nuclear, prohibida a partir de 2022. De hecho, el 45% de la generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica se realiza con carb\u00f3n y existe un controvertido plan para construir 26 nuevas centrales de generaci\u00f3n con carb\u00f3n hasta el a\u00f1o del apag\u00f3n nuclear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pero en su subsuelo, el territorio alem\u00e1n podr\u00eda guardar de 25 a 81 TCF de shale gas <\/strong>(el gas natural emite cinco veces menos di\u00f3xido de carbono a la atm\u00f3sfera que el carb\u00f3n), aunque nadie tiene certeza del recurso, debido al bajo nivel de exploraci\u00f3n. Se especula que, como m\u00ednimo, podr\u00edan cubrirse las necesidades de gas para los pr\u00f3ximos 15 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n En la actualidad, el pa\u00eds importa el 70% de la energ\u00eda que consume y s\u00f3lo el 11% del gas que utiliza es propio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n En Alemania el fracking no es una novedad.<\/strong> Se ha practicado en m\u00e1s de 300 pozos convencionales desde hace 60 a\u00f1os, sin que se genere \u201cning\u00fan da\u00f1o ambiental conocido\u201d, seg\u00fan un informe de 2012 de la Oficina Estatal de Miner\u00eda, Energ\u00eda y Geolog\u00eda (Landesamt f\u00fcr Bergbau Energie und Geologie).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tras numerosas idas y vueltas, el Ejecutivo de Alemania envi\u00f3 al Parlamento un proyecto para aprobar el uso de la estimulaci\u00f3n 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